New Study: How ABA and ESDM Therapies Impact Autistic Children Over Six Months

As parents of autistic children, we're always looking for information about effective therapies. A new study published in Frontiers in Pediatrics (2025) investigated how two common interventions, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), affect children on the autism spectrum over a six-month period. Let's break down what the researchers did and what they found.

What the Researchers Studied

Researchers wanted to see how autistic children's skills changed after receiving either ABA therapy or ESDM intervention for six months. They looked at a group of young autistic children and measured their abilities in areas like communication, social interaction, and daily living skills at the beginning of the study and again after six months of therapy. Some children received ABA therapy, which focuses on teaching specific skills through positive reinforcement. Others received ESDM, a play-based therapy that emphasizes building relationships and promoting development through natural interactions.

What They Found

The study found that, on average, both groups of children – those receiving ABA and those receiving ESDM – showed improvements in several areas after six months. Specifically, both groups demonstrated gains in communication and adaptive behavior (skills needed for daily living). The researchers reported that the amount of improvement was similar between the two groups.

Why This Matters for Autism Families

This study is encouraging because it suggests that both ABA and ESDM can be effective interventions for autistic children. It's helpful for parents to know that there are different approaches that can lead to positive changes. This information can empower you to work with your child's therapists and doctors to choose the intervention that best fits your child's individual needs and your family's values.

Practical Implications

• Therapy: This study highlights the potential benefits of both ABA and ESDM. If you're considering therapy for your child, discuss both options with professionals to determine which approach aligns best with your child's strengths and challenges.
• School: The skills learned in both ABA and ESDM, such as communication and social interaction, can help children succeed in school settings. Share information about your child's therapy with their teachers and school support staff to ensure consistency and promote generalization of skills.
• Daily Life: Improvements in adaptive behavior can make a big difference in daily life. As your child develops skills like dressing, eating, and following routines, they may become more independent and confident.

Important Considerations

It's important to remember that this is just one study, and more research is always needed. The sample size of the study may have been small, which means the results might not apply to all autistic children. Also, six months is a relatively short period, and the long-term effects of these therapies need further investigation. Every child is different, and what works for one child may not work for another. It is crucial to consult with qualified professionals to determine the best course of action for your child.

You can read the original research paper here: Longitudinal changes in children with autism spectrum disorder following six months of ABA therapy or ESDM intervention